. Official proceedings . Figure 12 expenditure, all factors taken into consideration. Increasedspeed of a given service, due to smaller trains or larger loco-motives, adversely affects the direct economy of any substitu-tion. It is possible in given cases that the cost of increase inspeed per se may more than oftset the favorable factors, result-ing in an actual increase in direct operating expense. lUit inthese cases the management must give careful consideration tothe fact that the increase in speed of operation reduces theamount of locomotive and car equi])ment required for the traf-fic. Th


. Official proceedings . Figure 12 expenditure, all factors taken into consideration. Increasedspeed of a given service, due to smaller trains or larger loco-motives, adversely affects the direct economy of any substitu-tion. It is possible in given cases that the cost of increase inspeed per se may more than oftset the favorable factors, result-ing in an actual increase in direct operating expense. lUit inthese cases the management must give careful consideration tothe fact that the increase in speed of operation reduces theamount of locomotive and car equi])ment required for the traf-fic. The above jjoint, together with the commercial advantageof greater traffic received by virtue of increased speed, mustbe balanced against its cost. Each case of possible substitutions of modern power is anexample in itself and requires detailed study and we cannot laydown rules that will cover all of them without modification. 56. 19 21 AsE >• Years Figure 13 We have, however, done considerable work for the past twoyears m calcuhitions of economies in locomotive performance,which have led us into various methods, and we have chosenthose methods which allow of the quickest solution, keeping inmintl the accuracy required. We believe that the results of our work as to method wallbe interesting and of some value to you at this time, principallyfrom the fact that the railroads are going into a chapter of de-tailed economy and all expenditures and all operations must beviewed with their effect on the operating income. We will notendeavor to analyze a complete problem, but will cover variousaspects of detailed problems that will disclose the methods thatwe have chosen. One of the more common ]jroblems is determining the eco-nomy in the application of larger freight locomotives on a givendivision or engine run. ^^e believe that loading of the new locomotives should bear the same relationship to their capacityas th


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