The ancient world, from the earliest times to 800 AD . He reformed the army andstrengthened its discipline, and at the same time he looked tothe fortification of the exposed frontiers. His most famouswork of this kind was the wall (Hadrians Wall) in Britain,from the Solway to the Tyne, to replace the less satisfactorywall of Agricola, farther to the north. Wisely and coura-geously, he abandoned most of Trajans conquests in Asia (dis-regarding the sneers and murmurs of nobles and populace), andwithdrew the frontier there to the old line of the Euphrates. J Capes Antonines, 19-21, gives the deta
The ancient world, from the earliest times to 800 AD . He reformed the army andstrengthened its discipline, and at the same time he looked tothe fortification of the exposed frontiers. His most famouswork of this kind was the wall (Hadrians Wall) in Britain,from the Solway to the Tyne, to replace the less satisfactorywall of Agricola, farther to the north. Wisely and coura-geously, he abandoned most of Trajans conquests in Asia (dis-regarding the sneers and murmurs of nobles and populace), andwithdrew the frontier there to the old line of the Euphrates. J Capes Antonines, 19-21, gives the details. 476 THE ROMAN EMPIRE [§587 Hadrian spent most of his twenty years rule in inspectingthe provinces. Now he is in Britain, now in Dacia; again inGaul, or in Africa. Syria and Egypt were both visited. Hespent several months in Asia Minor, and in Macedonia; andtwic3 he visited Athens, liis favorite city, which he adorned withsplendid buildings. Indeed, everywhere memorials of his stay3prang up in useful public works, — aqueducts, baths, schoolsj. Ruins of the Temple of Zeus built by Hadrian at Athens. —Notethe Corinthian architecture (§ 154), basilicas (§ 623), highways, temples. Hadrian organized thecivil service of the empire, — the whole body of officers whocarried on the administration. Every emperor, necessarily,had been surrounded by assistants and advisers ; and sometimesthese had been vicious adventurers or greedy freedmen. Thenobles had felt it beneath their dignity to take regular officeas secretary to a Princeps. But Hadrian brought noblesand knights (§ 480) into such public service, and built upa body of trained public servants, who thereafter continued ^^m AUGUSTUS to AURfiLItrS 477 from reign to reign, with definite customs and ideals of gov-ernment. In particular, Hadrian brought together the headsof important administrative divisions into a true Privy Council,to advise and inform the Emperor. Among the Emperors varied accomplishments was the abilityto
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