Class-book of physiology : for the use of schools and families : comprising the structure and functions of the organs of man, illustrated by comparative reference to those of inferior animals . sacrum. /, The caudal vertebra;, whichcompose the tail, g, The ribs. A, The scapula, i, The humerus, j, The fore-arm.—Inthis part, corresponding to the fore-arm of man, the two bones are united into a singleone. ft, Bones of the wrist, or carpus. I, Bones of the metacarpus, or hand, m, Thephalanges, n, Tho femur, or thigh-bone, united to the bones of the pelvis, o, The patella,or knee-pan. p, The tibia;
Class-book of physiology : for the use of schools and families : comprising the structure and functions of the organs of man, illustrated by comparative reference to those of inferior animals . sacrum. /, The caudal vertebra;, whichcompose the tail, g, The ribs. A, The scapula, i, The humerus, j, The fore-arm.—Inthis part, corresponding to the fore-arm of man, the two bones are united into a singleone. ft, Bones of the wrist, or carpus. I, Bones of the metacarpus, or hand, m, Thephalanges, n, Tho femur, or thigh-bone, united to the bones of the pelvis, o, The patella,or knee-pan. p, The tibia; the two bones of the leg being united into one. q, Bones ofthe tarsus, or ankle, r, Bones of tho foot and toes.—In the lion, the bones of the arm arestout and long, and the fingers short and compact, collectively combining freedom of motionand strength, and admirably adapting this class of animals to the sudden springs they pounce upon their prey. Figure 10. Head and Shoulders of an Ox.—a, The skull, b, The cervical vertebra. 5, The dorsal vetebra, which are very long, for the attachment of the muscles which sup-pet the neck anil head, d, The scapula, or ANIMAL MOTION. 211 of the dorsal vertebrae, and by the other to cartilages whichare continuations of the ribs. The cartilages of the firstseven, or true ribs, (aa,fig. 1, Pl. XVII.,) are united to theBternum or breast-bone; the cartilages of the five lowerribs ( bb, fig. 1, Pl. XVII.) are not directly connected withthe sternum, and are hence called false ribs. 438. The sternum, or breast-bone, {fig. 1, Pl. XVII.) isflat in man, but in those animals which have need of greatstrength in the upper limbs it is increased in breadth, andfurnished with a projecting keel or ridge for the attach-ment of powerful muscles. In the turtle tribe, it is so farextended as to afford a complete protection to the underside of the animal. 439. The extremities, which have been regarded asappendages to the trunk, are
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1860, booksubjectphysiologicalprocess
