. Biology of the seas of the Marine biology -- Soviet Union; Hydrology -- Soviet Union. 274 BIOLOGY OF THE SEAS OF THE The sea-bed A preponderance of sand, gravel and at times a rocky floor, are the character- istic features of the sea-bed in the shallow zone (down to 50 m) of the Baltic. Ooze bottoms are found only in stagnant bottom hollows. The deeper parts of the bottom (over 50 m in depth) are occupied for the most part by clayey mud with sand, at times by black ooze, rich in organic detritus. The sea bottom is usually brown-red, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia; this c
. Biology of the seas of the Marine biology -- Soviet Union; Hydrology -- Soviet Union. 274 BIOLOGY OF THE SEAS OF THE The sea-bed A preponderance of sand, gravel and at times a rocky floor, are the character- istic features of the sea-bed in the shallow zone (down to 50 m) of the Baltic. Ooze bottoms are found only in stagnant bottom hollows. The deeper parts of the bottom (over 50 m in depth) are occupied for the most part by clayey mud with sand, at times by black ooze, rich in organic detritus. The sea bottom is usually brown-red, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia; this colour is due to an admixture of ferric hydroxide. This kind of distribution of brown mud deposits is very characteristic of the floor of the Kara Sea and to a. Fig. 115. Bottom deposits in southern part of Baltic Sea (Demel). Unhatched areas are sand; vertically hatched are sandy silt; horizontally hatched, silts. lesser extent of that of the White Sea. This kind of bottom contains a large amount of concretions. Z. K. Demel and Z. Mulicki (1954) have given a map showing the distribution of the different soils of the southern part of the Baltic (Fig. 115). As is shown in Fig. 115, sand and sandy silts are preponderant here. Soft ooze is concentrated in the deepest places (more than 80 to 100 m). The Swedish research scientist B. Kullenberg (1952) studied the salinity of the solutions of cores up to 15m long taken from several sites in the Baltic. The core taken near Bornholm, from a depth of 86 m, is particularly demon- strative. Interstitial water taken from a layer 2 m below the sea-floor indicated salinity of 15%0; salinity decreased with depth down to 6%0 at 12 to 15 m (Fig. 116). In B. Kullenberg's opinion (1954) this corresponds to the early period. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Zenkev
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