. Memoirs and proceedings of the Manchester Literary & Philosophical Society. /^?f. II.—a.—Upper circular galler).b.—Lower circular gallery. N.— Fig. 12.—a, a.—Portions of tunnels which subsequently fell !!.!.!!!showing probable course of these tunnels. Manchester Memoirs, Vol. xlvii. (1903), No. 4. u galleries with inter-connections on a fixed and universalplan. It is true that rarely the spiral tunnels might giveone this idea if onl}^ one fortress were dissected, but afterdissecting some 300 of them I can only say that no twowere exactly alike. I give a figure {Fig. 11) of an extre


. Memoirs and proceedings of the Manchester Literary & Philosophical Society. /^?f. II.—a.—Upper circular galler).b.—Lower circular gallery. N.— Fig. 12.—a, a.—Portions of tunnels which subsequently fell !!.!.!!!showing probable course of these tunnels. Manchester Memoirs, Vol. xlvii. (1903), No. 4. u galleries with inter-connections on a fixed and universalplan. It is true that rarely the spiral tunnels might giveone this idea if onl}^ one fortress were dissected, but afterdissecting some 300 of them I can only say that no twowere exactly alike. I give a figure {Fig. 11) of an extremelyrare case of the spiral tunnel assuming the form of anupper circular gallery. This fortress was a very large one,and I much regret that time would not allow my investi-gating the very numerous exits from the complete lowercircular gallery into the meadow. It is noticeable thatthe upper runs do not communicate with the nest or withthe three tunnels leading from the nest. Now, as has been described, it often happens that fromruns at the foot of the fortress several up-shafts will befound. These often become connected at their base inthe f


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