. Collected reprints, Essa Institute for Oceanography. Oceanography 100 102 104 96" 98v 100 102 104. 10 —i 1 SURFACE CURRENTS&WINDS ( monsoon) Jq 0 10 20 ,... i wind % - 96 98 100 102 104 Fig. 6.—Surface currents and winds during the northeast and southwest monsoons. Wind roses fly with the wind, and the number of barbs on the arrow indicate the Beaufort scale of average wind force. The length of the arrow measured from the center of the circle gives the average percent of time the wind blows in a particular direction. The number in the circle indicates the per
. Collected reprints, Essa Institute for Oceanography. Oceanography 100 102 104 96" 98v 100 102 104. 10 —i 1 SURFACE CURRENTS&WINDS ( monsoon) Jq 0 10 20 ,... i wind % - 96 98 100 102 104 Fig. 6.—Surface currents and winds during the northeast and southwest monsoons. Wind roses fly with the wind, and the number of barbs on the arrow indicate the Beaufort scale of average wind force. The length of the arrow measured from the center of the circle gives the average percent of time the wind blows in a particular direction. The number in the circle indicates the percent time of calms. Modified from the U. S. Navy Hydro- graphic Office (1944). discussion of the climatological aspects is per- tinent. The climate of the region is typically equatorial—hot and humid. Monsoonal effects are not as severe in the strait as in the more open surrounding seas because of the sheltering effect offered by the Malay Peninsula and the island of Sumatra. Indirectly, however, the monsoon seasons greatly influence the circulation in the strait. As a result of the monsoons, two rainy seasons of unequal magnitude occur without any really dry period. Average annual rainfall over most of the area ranges from 1961 to 2649 mm, with the greater rainfall occurring in the lower latitudes (U. S. Navy Hydrographic Office, 1951, p. 18). Variation in surface wind direction and force follow the monsoonal seasons. Northeast mon- soon conditions prevail from December to March. Near the equator during this time the variable winds have an average Beaufort force of 2 or 3 and originate mainly from the north. The southwest monsoon season extends from May to October and is preceded by squally weather, strong winds and considerable rain. Winds are mainly from the south and southwest and are of about the same force as those occurring during the northeast monsoon (Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, 1935). Severe squalls with gale force winds often accompany the south
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