. Elements of zoölogy. Zoology. AMPHIBIOUS VERTEBRATES. 195 Class IV.—Amphibious Vertebrates. Salaman- ders, Toads, etc. (Batrachid). General Characteristics.—The Batrachians are amphibi- ous Vertebrates that breathe air by perfect lungs, though some adult forms have gills. They pass through a distinct metamorphosis. The higher forms have paired limbs, the toes not being clawed as in the reptiles. They are gen- erally oviparous. Skeleton.—In the frog the skull is closely connected with the body, and differs from that of higher Vertebrates in being partly cartilaginous (Fig. 237). The bones of
. Elements of zoölogy. Zoology. AMPHIBIOUS VERTEBRATES. 195 Class IV.—Amphibious Vertebrates. Salaman- ders, Toads, etc. (Batrachid). General Characteristics.—The Batrachians are amphibi- ous Vertebrates that breathe air by perfect lungs, though some adult forms have gills. They pass through a distinct metamorphosis. The higher forms have paired limbs, the toes not being clawed as in the reptiles. They are gen- erally oviparous. Skeleton.—In the frog the skull is closely connected with the body, and differs from that of higher Vertebrates in being partly cartilaginous (Fig. 237). The bones of the limbs, when present, resemble those of higher Vertebrates. Tarsus. Fig. 237.—Skull of the frog {Rana esculenta), from below, showing teeth and the cartilaginous gir- dle-bone, y. This is shown in Fig. 238, which should be compared with the limb of the cat. Digestion.—The mouth is generally large, and in the fro^ are armed with delicate, saw-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Holder, Charles Frederick, 1851-1915; Holder, Joseph Bassett, 1824-1888, joint author. New York : D. Appleton and company
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1880, booksubjectzoology, bookyear1884
