Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences . Reference was also madeto the metascutum, which is divided into two halves,being separated widely by the very large triangularscutellum. I also drew attention to the transversevenule or spur of the costal vein and to the greatirregularity in the arrangement of the branches ofthe cubital nervure, also to the elongated abdomen,and finally I remarked, ••the Ilepiali are the lowestsubfamily of the Bombyces. But in those days I didnot fully perceive the taxonomic value of these gen-eralized characters, which have so well been provedby Chapman from imagi
Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences . Reference was also madeto the metascutum, which is divided into two halves,being separated widely by the very large triangularscutellum. I also drew attention to the transversevenule or spur of the costal vein and to the greatirregularity in the arrangement of the branches ofthe cubital nervure, also to the elongated abdomen,and finally I remarked, ••the Ilepiali are the lowestsubfamily of the Bombyces. But in those days I didnot fully perceive the taxonomic value of these gen-eralized characters, which have so well been provedby Chapman from imaginal and pupal characters tobe such as to place the Hepialida at or near the baseof the Tineoid series. Chapman, unaware of theexistence of mine and of Speyers paper, says: The metathomoic structure of Hepialus came as a veryunexpected contirmatinn of the idea tliat of the Tortricoid groupit was the nearest to tlie lower Adelids. and despite its special-ization ^as near the line liy which Tortris was derived fromsome Adelid form (p. 113).. Fig. 30.—Pupa of Zletrua elongate; mx\ labial palp?. 1 In his suggestive paper (ICnt. Zeit. Stettin, 1870), Speyer refers to the similarity of the venation of HepialidiBand remarks that they resemble the Trichoptera no less than the Jlicroptorygidre, though the Hepialida?eshiljit other close analogies to the Trichoptera. He adds that the middle cell of the wing in the isnot fundamentally different from that of the , Cossidie, and Micropteryx, also the hind wings of page 221 he associates the Zygaenida with the CossidiP, Cochliopodid;e, Heterogyuidie, Psychida^, and Hepialidiie,ami remarks that all these families are isolated among the Macros; the Cochliopodidie and Zygaenida; alike in thepupa state by the delicate integument and the partially loose sheath, these groups standing nearest to the Tineidaewith complete maxillary palpi, forming the oldest branch of the lepidopterous stem, and
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