. The Compleat cladist : a primer of phylogenetic procedures. Cladistic analysis; Zoology -- Classification; Phylogeny. Subphylum Vertebrata Infraphylum Myxiniodea (sedis mutabilis) Infraphylum Petromyzontia (sedis mutabilis) Infraphylum Gnathostomata [sedis mutabilis) Superclass Chondrichthys Superclass Teleostomi Fig. —Another hypothesis of the relationships among vertebrates, with gnathostomes resolved into its two major subgroups, illustrating the sedis miitahilis convention (Convention 4). Convention 6.—A group whose qualities are not known may be included in a phylogenetic classific
. The Compleat cladist : a primer of phylogenetic procedures. Cladistic analysis; Zoology -- Classification; Phylogeny. Subphylum Vertebrata Infraphylum Myxiniodea (sedis mutabilis) Infraphylum Petromyzontia (sedis mutabilis) Infraphylum Gnathostomata [sedis mutabilis) Superclass Chondrichthys Superclass Teleostomi Fig. —Another hypothesis of the relationships among vertebrates, with gnathostomes resolved into its two major subgroups, illustrating the sedis miitahilis convention (Convention 4). Convention 6.—A group whose qualities are not known may be included in a phylogenetic classification if it is treated as incertae sedis and its name is put in shutter quotes (quotation marks) (Wiley, 1979). One of the common problems you will encounter is the leftover taxa (candidates for incertae sedis under Convention 5) and "taxa" that are peripheral to your problem and are neither demonstrably monophyletic, paraphyletic, or (rarely) polyphyletic. Sometimes, these groups are well known. To omit them would leave the classification incomplete and make a statement that you know they are not monophyletic; to put them in without qualification would imply that you consider them monophyletic. The shutter quotes carry the connotation that all included subtaxa are presently incertae sedis at the place in the hierarchy where you put the "; This convention should be used with caution. For example, it is not advisable to treat a polytomy occurring in the middle of a phylogenetic hypothesis (see Fig. ) with this convention. Aus Bus Dus Eus. Fig. —Relationships among a hypothetical group of genera, illustrating the unwise use of shutter quotes (Convention 6).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Wiley, E. O. Lawrence, Kan. : Museum of Natural History, Universi
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