. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. FAST-STRIKE FEEDING week. With other animals, strikes could he obtained with some dependability. On one occasion, a response was ob- tained although the prey was not in contact with the oral region of Clione. In this case, the Limacina began rapid swimming movements when brought near the oral region of Clione, triggering an immediate fast-strike response. In all observed fast-strike responses, the initial response of the acquisition phase was rapid mouth opening. When closed, the mouth forms a dorsoventral slit on the anteri
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. FAST-STRIKE FEEDING week. With other animals, strikes could he obtained with some dependability. On one occasion, a response was ob- tained although the prey was not in contact with the oral region of Clione. In this case, the Limacina began rapid swimming movements when brought near the oral region of Clione, triggering an immediate fast-strike response. In all observed fast-strike responses, the initial response of the acquisition phase was rapid mouth opening. When closed, the mouth forms a dorsoventral slit on the anterior margin of the head (Fig. 1 A). Lip retraction pulls the lips laterally, causing mouth gaping and protrusion of the buccal cones (Fig. IB). The degree of mouth opening can be judged from the position of the anterior tentacles, as recorded on film and video prior to and during fast-strike responses (Figs. 2, 3). The mouth of Clione is flanked by a pair of anterior tentacles that project from the antero- lateral margins of the head (Fig. 1 A). When Clione is hov- ering or slowly swimming forward (upward), the anterior tentacles are normally inflated and project forward (Figs. 1A, 2A). During mouth opening, lip retraction, and pro- trusion of the buccal cones, the anterior tentacles rotate laterally 90°, so that their projection is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the animal (Figs. 2D, 3). Mouth opening occurs in the first 20 ms of the fast-strike and is accompanied by full exposure and partial protraction of the buccal cones (Fig. 3). This can be demonstrated by pulling open the mouth of an anesthetized animal, which exposes the buccal cones and causes them to bulge slightly out of the mouth (similar to that seen in Fig. IB). Three buccal cones lie on either side of the buccal mass (a mus- cular organ containing the radula and a pair or hook sacs), in a line parallel to the lips. The retracted cones are not inverted, but rather are collapsed and retracted into small c
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
