. A manual of zoology. Zoology. 582 GIIOUDATA. (dentary, splenial, angulare, etc.); its articular portion, like the quadrate, being rarely incompletely ossified. A^omers, palatines, and pterygoids appear in the base of the skull, all three forming a continuous arch in the Auura; in front of them lie the premaxil- _'' /'-f JT rin pmr. Fig. 612 âLateral and hinder views uf frog skull. (After Parker.) Letters for this and 611 â nil, angulare; ^ alisphenoid cartilage; co (Cecc), occipital condyles; coi, columella; ((, dentary; i'(e), sphenethmoid; fo, foramen magnum; Â¥P, frontoparietal; Gfe,
. A manual of zoology. Zoology. 582 GIIOUDATA. (dentary, splenial, angulare, etc.); its articular portion, like the quadrate, being rarely incompletely ossified. A^omers, palatines, and pterygoids appear in the base of the skull, all three forming a continuous arch in the Auura; in front of them lie the premaxil- _'' /'-f JT rin pmr. Fig. 612 âLateral and hinder views uf frog skull. (After Parker.) Letters for this and 611 â nil, angulare; ^ alisphenoid cartilage; co (Cecc), occipital condyles; coi, columella; ((, dentary; i'(e), sphenethmoid; fo, foramen magnum; Â¥P, frontoparietal; Gfe, otic capsule; h',h", hyoid and copula; jg, jugal; M (m), maxillary (in lower jaw mento-Meckelian); mk, Meckel's cartilage; IV", J\', nasal capsule; aa, nasal; nli, , cartilages from which basi- and supraoocipitals arise elsewhere ; nliOlaf), exocoipital; pr, frontoparietal; Pdi, palatine ; p (PP), palatine arch; Pmx, premaxillary ; P;-o, prootic; Ps, parasphenoid: Pt. pterygoid; (>»i(, quadrate; C^iji;, jugal; si/, squamosal; I'j, vomer. Cartilages dotted. laries, and in most cases maxillaries. Between the hinder end of the maxillaries and the quadrate there may be a gap or it may be bridged by a jugal. By the modification of the quadrate into a , suspensor the hyomandibular loses its function, and if represented at all, it is as part of the columella. The character of the remaining vis- ceral skeleton dejjends upon the respiration (fig. 613). Where gills occur, the copula and hyoidsârepre- FiG. 613.âHinder visceral skeleton of sentiug bodv and coruuaâas well as iA) larva of a salamander ; {B) of â ... C i â i toad. (From Gegenbaur.) ((, hody lour gill arches are present, but with of hyoid; ?>, anterior horn (livoid); ^ . ,. i t .n c, rest of branchial skeleton. pulmonary respiration the liyoia ap- paratus is reduced to a hyoid with anterior and posterior cornua, the gill arches being contained in the posterior horns. With the assump)tion of a ter
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectzoology, bookyear1902
