. The American farmer's horse book; a pictorial cyclopedia of facts concerning the prominent breeds ... Horses. 290 THE AMERICAN FARMER S HORSE BOOK. ing-place for a shoe, and at the same time we give functional activity to the sole. We attain these advantages only by using a shoe with a level bearing-surface at least double the width of the wall. "The ground-surface of shoes varies considerable in form. Every- thing else being equal, the greater the surface of iron in contact with the ground, the greater the facilities for slipping. The ordinary fullered shoe presents too extensive a sur
. The American farmer's horse book; a pictorial cyclopedia of facts concerning the prominent breeds ... Horses. 290 THE AMERICAN FARMER S HORSE BOOK. ing-place for a shoe, and at the same time we give functional activity to the sole. We attain these advantages only by using a shoe with a level bearing-surface at least double the width of the wall. "The ground-surface of shoes varies considerable in form. Every- thing else being equal, the greater the surface of iron in contact with the ground, the greater the facilities for slipping. The ordinary fullered shoe presents too extensive a surface, and consequently is objectionable. The ground-surface may be formed into ridges, grooves and notches, all of wdiich are said to afford 'grip.' "In short, the best shoe is one flat on the foot-surface, but con- cave and fullered on the ground. Such a shoe will suit all horses, if only altered in size and w^eight. Hind shoes may be left flat on both surfaces, and if not supplied with calkins should be of even thickness throughout, XV. Calkins and Claws. "Calkins is the name given to the turned-down heels of shoes. They are used when circumstances require a very firm foothold, as y/yyvz^ for instance on paved streets, ^^ or to hold back heavy loads. -^ They are very effectual, but are open to objections. When the frog conies fairly to the ground sufiicient firmness of foothold is obtained for all. TWO FORMS OF CALKINS. The lower and broader of these is much the better. light work. Never, then, use calkins unless the requisite firmness of foothold cannot be obtained with a level shoe. If they are indispensable, see that they are formed in the best manner. The higher the calkin is made, the worse for the limb and for the w^ear of the shoe. Let them be made low and square (see contrast in cut), and increase the breadth rather than the height if wear requires more substance. If calkins are used, have them on both heels, and let them be of equal height; the inner one ma
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjecthorses, bookyear1892
