. The depths of the ocean; a general account of the modern science of oceanography based largely on the scientific researches of the Norwegian steamer Michael Sars in the North Atlantic. Oceanography. IX PELAGIC ANIMAL LIFE 60 As indicated in Chapter VIL, zoologists have until lately been un- Fishes. able to decide what species of fishes live along the bottom, and what species belong to the intermediate and surface waters. In recent years our knowledge has greatly increased. The " Valdivia" Expedition took no less than 151 species in pelagic fishing Many of these have ra
. The depths of the ocean; a general account of the modern science of oceanography based largely on the scientific researches of the Norwegian steamer Michael Sars in the North Atlantic. Oceanography. IX PELAGIC ANIMAL LIFE 60 As indicated in Chapter VIL, zoologists have until lately been un- Fishes. able to decide what species of fishes live along the bottom, and what species belong to the intermediate and surface waters. In recent years our knowledge has greatly increased. The " Valdivia" Expedition took no less than 151 species in pelagic fishing Many of these have raised considerable interest on account of their curious shapes, especially the so-called " deep-sea fishes," which were supposed to live in the great depths of the ocean. During the cruise of the " Michael Sars " probably about 10,000 specimens of pelagic fishes were taken, exclusive of the many larvae and young stages. This abundant material has not yet been worked up, and complete lists, even of the adult fishes, are not available. Of the Scopelidae (including the genus Myctophuni), the genus Melampha'es and different Stomiatidae, only a limited number of species have been dealt with, many of the species being new, while the larvae and young fish have as yet only been divided into certain groups. Nevertheless, the following list is of interest, as it indicates a great advance. Fig. 449. Petromyzon marinus, L. (From Goode and Bean.) in our knowledge of the fishes of the North Atlantic; though the collections of the " Michael Sars " are deficient as regards the coastal and northern waters of the Atlantic, much information has been gained regarding the pelagic fishes of the Norwegian Sea and the North Sea. The present list records 95 species, all, except one specimen of the lamprey, Petromyzon marinus (see Fig. 449), taken on the banks of Newfoundland, belonging to the Teleostei, or bony fishes. The sub-order Malacopterygii comprises many of the most
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