. The American fruit culturist. ed similar borers in theirburrow by injecting carbon bisulphide from an oil-can into theopenings from which castings are protruding and then plug-ging the hole with putty or hard soap; the deadly fumes ofthis liquid penetrate all through the burrow and quickly killthe borers. It is a difficult matter to prevent this borer fromgetting into a tree. Several thicknesses of newspaper or tarredpaper carefully wrapped about the base of the tree and tiedoften forms quite an effective barrier. The many differentwashes recommended afford but little protection in our ex-pe
. The American fruit culturist. ed similar borers in theirburrow by injecting carbon bisulphide from an oil-can into theopenings from which castings are protruding and then plug-ging the hole with putty or hard soap; the deadly fumes ofthis liquid penetrate all through the burrow and quickly killthe borers. It is a difficult matter to prevent this borer fromgetting into a tree. Several thicknesses of newspaper or tarredpaper carefully wrapped about the base of the tree and tiedoften forms quite an effective barrier. The many differentwashes recommended afford but little protection in our ex-perience. Examine the trees twice each year, in May andSeptember, and dig out or destroy all larvae which can be lo-cated. Clean culture will help in the warfare against borers. The Flat - headed Apple-tree Borer {Chrysobothrts fetno-rata).—This is usually a much less dangerous, though moreabundant, insect than the preceding species. The prettybeetles (Fig. 218) are day-fliers. They attack by preference DESTRUCTIVE IXSECTS. x6s. sickly trees; they inhabit both the trunk and limbs of a tree,and, besides apple, pear, peach, and apricot trees, they alsoattack a variety of forest trees. They are chiefly injurious toyoung trees. The eggs are laid in crevices of the bark, and the larvae () get their growth in one year, living mostly just beneaththe bark. The pupalstage (Fig. 220), lastingabout three weeks, ispassed in a cell made inthe solid wood. Thebeetles emerge in Mayand June through ellip-tical-shaped holes. Trees badly infestedwith this borer shouldbe burned at once. Theremedial measures ad-vised for the round-headed borer may alsobe applied against theflat-headed species. Scale-Insects are minute sucking insects, which now rankamong the most destructive fruit pests in many parts of thecountry. We can here discuss only a few of the more com-mon ones. T/ie Oystei-shell Bark-loiise {^Mytilaspis pomorum).—This scale(Fig. 222) is very common on apple-trees all over the cou
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