. Discovery. Science. 120 DISCOVERY. classification. They have therefore adopted a system in which classification is based upon the patterns in the " ball " area at the base of the great toe, and in the three areas (i, 2,,'and 3) termed the plantar area [planta = sole) lying beneath the , together with the presence or absence of lower deltas [d). They have found that the ball pattern is almost always present, whilst the three plantar patterns are of more uncertain occurrence, and may occur in any combination, forming whorls or loops. In its complete form the ball pattern
. Discovery. Science. 120 DISCOVERY. classification. They have therefore adopted a system in which classification is based upon the patterns in the " ball " area at the base of the great toe, and in the three areas (i, 2,,'and 3) termed the plantar area [planta = sole) lying beneath the , together with the presence or absence of lower deltas [d). They have found that the ball pattern is almost always present, whilst the three plantar patterns are of more uncertain occurrence, and may occur in any combination, forming whorls or loops. In its complete form the ball pattern is a u'horl, with three deltas placed at about equal distances about it, but more commonly there is a modification of the pattern in which one or more of the deltas is missing, as in the case of the diagram (Fig. 4), where the pattern is the modifica- tion \ in which the uppermost delta is wanting. A plantar pattern may be either (i) a loop with an opening at the top ; or (2) a loop opening downwards ; for (3) a whorl, generally drawn out into an oval, as is shown in 2 in the diagram. Frequently these areas show no definite patterns, as in the case of i and 3 in the diagram. There are also occasional patterns which occur but seldom, such as the fibular or outer pattern, which usually consists of a narrow loop, h, not far below the area of the base of the toes. In some cases the core of the loop extends beyond the tread area. Still more distinctive is the pattern on the heel, or calcar pattern, c, which is usually a simple loop associa-. FlG. 4.—TR.\CIXG OF THE SOLE-PRINT OF A SMALL BOY. Showing fibular loop (h) and the rare calcar pattern (c) which is always asso- ciated with a tii-radius (d), {By permission oj Messrs. Wilder and Wentworlh.) ated with a delta, d. So rare is this pattern that less than a dozen instances of its occurrence have been recorded, and I am indebted to Professor Wilder and Mr. B. Wentworth for their permission to reproduce the examples here shown. Fig
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