The Americana; a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc., of the world . at bulk of thefungi of the world, aggregating fully 100 timesas many species as those from which theysprang. In changing from the holophytic structureand habits of their ancestral types, these hys-terophytes (fungi) have suffered much degenera-tion of the vegetative plant-body, while the re-productive apparatus has been relatively enlargedand multiplied. This is in accordance with thewell-known law that since hysterophytes do notmake carbohyd
The Americana; a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc., of the world . at bulk of thefungi of the world, aggregating fully 100 timesas many species as those from which theysprang. In changing from the holophytic structureand habits of their ancestral types, these hys-terophytes (fungi) have suffered much degenera-tion of the vegetative plant-body, while the re-productive apparatus has been relatively enlargedand multiplied. This is in accordance with thewell-known law that since hysterophytes do notmake carbohydrates they have little need oflarge vegetative bodies, and further, that sincethey are dependent upon particular hosts ororganic matter for their food, they inust providemore lavishly for propagation. Many of thesefungi are little more than absorbing and repro-ducing organisms, the vegetative plant-bodyhaving almost entirely disappeared through dis-use. These fungi are readily separable into twogreat classes, by charac-ters derived from theirreproductive first of these classesis known as the SacFungi, and the second asthe Club Fig. 10 Fig. Fis. 10.— Empusa musca; filaments from body of fly. Highly II.— A. several spore-sacs (asci) in different stages of development; E, a mature spore-sac. Highly magnified. Sac Fungi (Class Ascomycetca).— The dis-tinguishing mark of the plants of this class isthat the spores which occur in their fruits de-velop in certain end cells and remain enclosedwithin the cell wall until matured. (Fig. II.)These spore-containing cells have been aptlylikened to sacs (Latin, asci; singular, ascus) andfrom this we derive the name of the class. There are more species of sac fungi than ofall other kinds. They range in size from veryminute to many inches in extent. They in-clude some of the most harmfully parasitic plantsas well as many which live saprophytically uponrefuse organic matter. Among the many fami-lies (more
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectencyclo, bookyear1908
