China: Emperor Zhuanxu ( BCE), second of the legendary 'Five Emperors'. Han Dynasty mural, c. 151 CE. Zhuanxu, also known as Gaoyang, was a mythological emperor of ancient China. A grandson of the Yellow Emperor, he became sovereign at the age of twenty. He passed religious reforms to oppose shamanism, and contributed to a unified calendar as well as the field of astrology. He is sometimes worshipped as the god of the Pole Star. The Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors are a blend of mythological rulers and cultural heroes of ancient China dating loosely from c. 3500-2000 BCE.
The Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors (Sanhuang wudi; Wade–Giles: San-huang wu-ti) are a blend of mythological rulers and cultural heroes from ancient China dating loosely from the period from BCE. This represents the earliest period of recorded Chinese history and is regarded as largely mythological. In chronological terms it precedes the Xia Dynasty ( BCE). There are several variations as to who constitute the various Three Sovereigns and Seven Emperors. According to the Diwang Xishi or Record of Imperial Lineages, also called the 'Sovereign Series' in English, the Three Sovereigns were, in chronological sequence: Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi. The same source lists the Five Emperors, again chronologically, as: Shaohao, Zhuanxu, Gaoxin, Yao and Shun.
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