. Sheet metal workers' manual; a complete, practical instruction book on the sheet metal industry, machinery and tools, and related subjects, including the oxy-acetylen welding and cutting process . Figure 300.—Layout of Shop with Double Down-Draft Forges. necessary properties being given after conversion by theaddition of carbon or carbon alloys. Many theories havebeen advanced as to what steel really is. One held bymany metallurgists is that i l steel is an alloy of pure ironand carbon only, all other elements being regarded Good steel is of a bluish, gray color, uniformin gra


. Sheet metal workers' manual; a complete, practical instruction book on the sheet metal industry, machinery and tools, and related subjects, including the oxy-acetylen welding and cutting process . Figure 300.—Layout of Shop with Double Down-Draft Forges. necessary properties being given after conversion by theaddition of carbon or carbon alloys. Many theories havebeen advanced as to what steel really is. One held bymany metallurgists is that i l steel is an alloy of pure ironand carbon only, all other elements being regarded Good steel is of a bluish, gray color, uniformin grain and having little luster. There are three distinct methods used in making steel, 390 SHEET METAL WORKERS MANUAL the open hearth, the Bessemer, and the crucible. Thelatter is the oldest of the present methods of manufac-ture, having been in use for centuries. The first twomethods are probably the ones most commonly used atthe present time. In these, the carbon in the cast ironis burned out, while in the last method, the carbon isburned into the wrought iron. Other methods formerly & & <? 0 & ...-<?*<? <? €? <S? ^ HAMMER SMEAR -e- & ii^iiiiiifi. ^^F^RF^1^


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