China: Emperor Nurhaci (21 February 1559 - 30 September 1626), Jurchen chieftain and founding khan of the Later Jin Dynasty (r. 1616-1626). Hanging scroll painting, 17th century. Nurhaci/Nurhachi, temple name Taizu and era name Tianming, was an important Manchu chieftain who rose to prominence in the late 16th century in Northeastern China. He was part of the Aisin Gioro clan, and he united various Manchu tribes, consolidating the Eight Banners military system and eventually launching an assault on China's Ming Dynasty and Korea's Joseon Dynasty. His heirs founded the Qing Dynasty in 1644.

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