. Special report on diseases of cattle. Cattle. Treatment for intestinal roundworms.—The preventive measures are similar to those recommende4 in the case of the twisted stomach worm (p. 526). Medical treatment is generally not very satisfac- tory. Powdered thymol, in doses of 200 grains or more, has been recommended, but it often fails to have the desired result. It is asserted by one author that 2 or 3 drams of rectified enipyrevmiatic oil in a mucilaginous emulsion, followed the next morning with a purgative of 1 to \\ pounds of sulphate of soda, will expel the large roundworms (Ascaris vitu
. Special report on diseases of cattle. Cattle. Treatment for intestinal roundworms.—The preventive measures are similar to those recommende4 in the case of the twisted stomach worm (p. 526). Medical treatment is generally not very satisfac- tory. Powdered thymol, in doses of 200 grains or more, has been recommended, but it often fails to have the desired result. It is asserted by one author that 2 or 3 drams of rectified enipyrevmiatic oil in a mucilaginous emulsion, followed the next morning with a purgative of 1 to \\ pounds of sulphate of soda, will expel the large roundworms (Ascaris vitulorum). PROTOZOA. Pig. 24.—The com- mon liver fluke (Fasciola hepat- ica). A number of species of protozoa have been reported as parasites of the intestines of cattle. To one species has been attributed a serious disease of cattle in Switzerland known as red dysentery, but so far no cases of this disease in American cattle have been reported. FLUKES IN LIVER AND LUNGS. Two species of flukes occurring in the liver and lungs are known to affect cattle in the United States. These parasites are flat, leaf- like worms; one of them, the common liver fluke {Fasciola hepatica, fig. 24), is less than an inch in length, while the other, the large American fluke (Fasciola magna, fig. 25), is considerably larger when full grown. In their life history these flukes depend on snails as intermediate hosts. At a certain stage of development the young flukes leave the snails, become encysted on stalks of grass (fig. 26), or fall into drinking water, and finally may be swallowed by cattle. Stiles writes as follows: Flukes may produce a serious, often fatal, disease, more especially in younger animals. The symptoms are somewhat similar to those produced by worms in the stomach. The first symp- toms are generally overlooked, the disease not attracting at- tention until the appetite is diminished; rumination be- comes irregular, the animals become hidebound, and the coat dull and staring. The st
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