. Medieval and modern history; an outline of its development . this time the scene of a conflict for alocal balance of power which was in miniature like that ofEurope. It was still divided into numerous small states,under governments of widely different sorts, and intenselyjealous of one another. These states maintained littlearmies of professional soldiers commanded by adventurers,the co7idottieri, and occasionally engaged in wars, whichtheir soldiers had a way of making not very bloody. Butif possible they preferred to gain their ends by the methods People, II. 67-77; Moberly, Early Tudors (
. Medieval and modern history; an outline of its development . this time the scene of a conflict for alocal balance of power which was in miniature like that ofEurope. It was still divided into numerous small states,under governments of widely different sorts, and intenselyjealous of one another. These states maintained littlearmies of professional soldiers commanded by adventurers,the co7idottieri, and occasionally engaged in wars, whichtheir soldiers had a way of making not very bloody. Butif possible they preferred to gain their ends by the methods People, II. 67-77; Moberly, Early Tudors (Epochs) ; Gairdner, Henry VII, (Macmillan) Foreign policy, Chap. IX. The house of Hapsburg becomes a European jiower. I >eger, Austro- tluiigary, 251-255. The scene ofdivision andlocal ,Periods,7-14. 94 Political Changes of the Age of diplomacy and intrigue, and in these methods Italy wasthe schoolmaster of Europe. Machiavelli, who was for along time the representative of Florence, was one of thefirst great diplomatists of modern The Duomo, Florence 187. The Five Leading States of Italy. — Five states ofItaly are of especial interest in this opening period of inter-Venice, national politics. Venice, rich and powerful, but beforethe close of the age to undergo the ruin of her commercialmonopoly, was trying to form a continental dominion innortheastern Italy, and so was intimately concerned in the France begins the Struggle 195 course of local politics. In Milan, Ludovico the Moor wasplotting to secure the succession in place of his nephew, therightful duke, and so was anxious for any outside assistancepossible. Florence was under the Medici, but was the sceneat the close of the century of great popular excitementaroused by the passionate and eloquent preaching of Sav-onarola, who proclaimed a great religious revival, the neces-sity of righteous living, and the coming of the foreigninvader as the scourge of God upon the wicked, and de-manded the res
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