. Special report on diseases of the horse. Horses. 580 DISEASES OF THE HOESB. Fullering.—This is a groove in the ground surface of the shoe. It should pass through two-thirds of the thickness of the shoe, be clean, and of uniform width. It is of advantage in that it makes the shoe lighter in proportion to its width, and, by making the ground surface somewhat rough, tends to prevent slipping. Nail holes.—The shoe must be so " punched " that the nail holes will fall directly on the white line. They should be confined to the fore half of front shoes, but may occupy the anterior two-thir
. Special report on diseases of the horse. Horses. 580 DISEASES OF THE HOESB. Fullering.—This is a groove in the ground surface of the shoe. It should pass through two-thirds of the thickness of the shoe, be clean, and of uniform width. It is of advantage in that it makes the shoe lighter in proportion to its width, and, by making the ground surface somewhat rough, tends to prevent slipping. Nail holes.—The shoe must be so " punched " that the nail holes will fall directly on the white line. They should be confined to the fore half of front shoes, but may occupy the anterior two-thirds of hind shoes. For a medium-weight shoe three nail holes in each branch are sufficient, but for heavier shoes, especially those provided with long calks, eight holes are about right, though three on the inside and four on the outside may do. Clips.—These are half-circu- lar ears drawn up from the outer edge of the shoe either at the toe or opposite the side wall. The height of a clip should equal the thickness of the shoe, though they should be even higher on hind shoes and when a leather sole is interposed be- tween shoe and hoof. Clips se- cure the shoe against shifting. A side clip should always be drawn up on that branch of the shoe that first meets the ground in locomotion. SPECIAL PECULIARITIES OF THE CHIEF CLASSES OF SHOES. Fig. 7.—Left fore hoof of regular form, shod with (1) -^ shoe for a regular hoof a plain"fullered" shoe. Mote the distribution (^fiffS. 7 and 8^ fits when itS of the nails, length of the fuller (crease), and Pi j j! n the closeness of the ends of the shoe to the Outer border lollows the Wall branches of the frog. closely in the region of the nail holes and from the last nail to the end of the branch gradually pro- jects beyond the surface of the wall to an eighth of an inch and extends back of the buttresses an amount equal to the thickness of the shoe. The shoe must be straight, firm, air-tight, its nail holes directly over the w
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