. Powers of the American people, Congress, President, and courts, according to evolution of constitutional construction. ision and the State statutory provision. As com-mercial intercourse increases between different countries,says Justice Field, the residence of citizens of one coun-try within the territory of the other naturally follows,and the removal of their disability from allegiance tohold, transfer, and inherit property in such cases tends topromote amicable relations. Such removal has been with-in the present century the frequent subject of treatyarrangement. The treaty power, as expr


. Powers of the American people, Congress, President, and courts, according to evolution of constitutional construction. ision and the State statutory provision. As com-mercial intercourse increases between different countries,says Justice Field, the residence of citizens of one coun-try within the territory of the other naturally follows,and the removal of their disability from allegiance tohold, transfer, and inherit property in such cases tends topromote amicable relations. Such removal has been with-in the present century the frequent subject of treatyarrangement. The treaty power, as expressed in theConstitution, is in terms unlimited, except by those re-straints which are found in that instrument against theaction of the government or of its departments, and thosearising from the nature of the government itself and ofthat of the States. But with these exceptions, it is notperceptible that there is any limit to the questions whichcan be adjusted touching any matter which is properlythe subject of negotiation with a foreign country. ^Head Money Cases, 112 U. S. 580.^ Geofroy v. Riggs, 133 U. S. PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES Rutherford B. Hayes, 19th A. Arthur, 2l8t Harrison, 23rd Lincoi^n, 16tli Roosevelt, 26th A. Garfield, 20th Pres. Grover Cleveland, 22d and 2-lth McKinley, 25th S. Grant. 18th .Johnson, 17th Buchanan, lotn Fillmore, Kith Pres. THE PRESIDENT. 12/ When arriving at this understanding of the power of theFederal Government we are naturally confronted withthe question as to whether the Federal Government is tocontrol the internal policy of the States, which was oftenthe case since the commencement of this constitutionalgovernment/ The Supreme Court of the State of California in-structed Judge Heydenfeldt to say when the policy andState statutory provisions were in jeopardy under thetreaty, being made by the Federa


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