New Jersey as a colony and as a state : one of the original thirteen . or a sanitary system of plumbingwere unknown. Boiling, frying, and stewing weredone over or in front of the yawning fireplace. In the summer time the kitchen heat was in-tense, particularly as the doors and windows ofrooms were small. To add to the discomfort fliesand other winged insects had free passage torooms, as screens were not used. At night tallowdip and wax candles supplied illumination in thehomes of the better class, while among the poorpine-knots served as agencies of artificial light Nor were the remaining port


New Jersey as a colony and as a state : one of the original thirteen . or a sanitary system of plumbingwere unknown. Boiling, frying, and stewing weredone over or in front of the yawning fireplace. In the summer time the kitchen heat was in-tense, particularly as the doors and windows ofrooms were small. To add to the discomfort fliesand other winged insects had free passage torooms, as screens were not used. At night tallowdip and wax candles supplied illumination in thehomes of the better class, while among the poorpine-knots served as agencies of artificial light Nor were the remaining portions of the housno matter how attractively described in the 1ters and newspaper advertisements of the time, ^ ^ A NEW JERSEY GENTLEMAN. attractive in the modern sense. But few homesin all New Jersey could boast carpets, and fewerstill had wall paper or curtains. In all New Jer-sey there was probably not a bathtub. In mostof the farm houses one room, the best or parlor,was set aside in stately gloom as a domestic holyof holies, to be opened upon occasion of 196 NEW JERSEY AS A COL weddings, and the arrival of notable guests. Theremaining portions of the house were generallyused, domestic duties being performed by re-demptioners, slaves, or apprentices, under thedirection of the mistress or her daughters. The education of women was distinctively of adomestic character. Rare indeed was the youngwoman of the period who had ever seen a novel;had heard music other than the wail of the violinat a dance or the high pitched nasal twang of theitinerant teacher of singing; or had seen the bellesof Philadelphia upon Second Street or the beauxof New York upon lower Broadway. The life upon the farm, as seen from the modernview point, was little more than mere men and women, alike, hours of activity wereregulated largely by the forwardness of thecrops, the longest working hours being during thetime of planting Indian corn, in May, and the har-vesting of grain in June


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Keywords: ., bookauthorleefranc, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, bookyear1902