. Fruit farming: practical and scientific, for commercial fruit growers and others. Fruit-culture. 118 The fungus infects not only the fruit but also the leaves and the young shoots. On the dark brown spots which appear on the leaves numerous spores are pro- duced which, falling on the fruit, cause infection of the crop. When the young shoots are attacked the fungus lives within the tissues through the autumn and winter, and in the following spring bursts through the bark as small cushion- like pustules. This rupturing of the bark causes the twigs to have a roughened cankered appearance, which
. Fruit farming: practical and scientific, for commercial fruit growers and others. Fruit-culture. 118 The fungus infects not only the fruit but also the leaves and the young shoots. On the dark brown spots which appear on the leaves numerous spores are pro- duced which, falling on the fruit, cause infection of the crop. When the young shoots are attacked the fungus lives within the tissues through the autumn and winter, and in the following spring bursts through the bark as small cushion- like pustules. This rupturing of the bark causes the twigs to have a roughened cankered appearance, which is a charac- teristic feature of this disease. Spores are formed on the surface of the pustules and these under favourable conditions reproduce the disease on the new season's leaves and fruit. It is evident therefore that the fungus is able to persist from year to year on the infected twigs, and when practicable these should be pj'uned off and burnt. A closely related fungus, Venturia Pyrina is the cause of a similar disease of pear trees, the fruit, leaves and shoots becoming affected; the fruit is, as a result of this disease, very frequently malformed and cracked. As a preventive against infection by the scab fungi, a protective spray should be applied to the trees. Bordeaux Mix ture and Lime-sulphur are both effective washes for use in the control of this disease. Bordeaux Mixture of the for- mula 8:8:100 is safe for use on pear trees and some varieties of apples, but on others a scorching of the leaves and fruit occurs, and Lime-sulphur is preferable. In the case of certain varieties which are very susceptible to spray injury, Cox's Orange Pippin, Lime-sulphur at half the usual summer strength, , (one gallon of the concentrate at to 59 gallons of water) must be used to avoid scorching. The first spraying should be carried out on the young foliage just before the flowers open, and a second as soon as the fruit has formed; where the disease ha
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