. A text-book of comparative physiology for students and practitioners of comparative (veterinary) medicine . 26. ,-■ -i i extensor tendon of foot; 27, metucarpo - phalangeal more UlOlOUgimsheath; 28, lateral cartilages of foot; 29, podophylhe. muscular move- ments are studied the more complex, so far as the use of musclesis concerned, are they found to be, a fact which is illustratedwhen even a single muscle is weakened or paralyzed. When the footrests upon theground beforethe limb is re-moved, it de-scribes the arcof a circle, or os-cillates like apendulum so thatthe flexors andextensors are
. A text-book of comparative physiology for students and practitioners of comparative (veterinary) medicine . 26. ,-■ -i i extensor tendon of foot; 27, metucarpo - phalangeal more UlOlOUgimsheath; 28, lateral cartilages of foot; 29, podophylhe. muscular move- ments are studied the more complex, so far as the use of musclesis concerned, are they found to be, a fact which is illustratedwhen even a single muscle is weakened or paralyzed. When the footrests upon theground beforethe limb is re-moved, it de-scribes the arcof a circle, or os-cillates like apendulum so thatthe flexors andextensors areused alternatelymore and less;==^=-* though in allmovements it islikely that nei- 622 COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY. Walking.—In tliis gait the body rests on diagonal feet alter-nately with the two of the same side ; the center of gravitybeing shifted to one side, then returned to its original position,to be moved next to the opposite side. In drawing heavy loadsthe body is supported on three limbs. The rate of movement isone to two metres per second. Amble.—In this mode of progression, most common in the. Fig. 471—Movements (oscillation) of an extended hind-leg (Colin). The hip-jomtdescribes the arc of a circle, ABC, while the foot is on the ground, the lines AD,B D, and C D representing the changing axis of the hind-leg. giraffe and camel tribe, occasional in ruminants and solipeds,the body is supported by the two legs on the same side, as in thewalk, but the two opposite legs are elevated simultaneously andnot separately. In horses this gait is often termed pacing, andis frequently very fast. Only two strokes of the feet are heardin this gait. In racking the hind-leg leaves the ground sooner than thecorresponding fore-leg, hence four strokes of the feet are heard. The Trot.—The diagonal feet act together, two strokes of thefeet being heard at each complete step. In the fast trot thereis an interval in which all four feet are in the air. The hind-feet strike the ground in
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