Russia: Kalmyk man and woman, Kalmykia. Engraving, late 19th century Kalmyk people (or Kalmyks) (Kalmyk: Хальмгуд, Halm'gud) is the name given to the Oirats, western Mongols in Russia, whose descendants migrated from Dzungaria in 1607. Today they form a majority in the autonomous Republic of Kalmykia on the western shore of the Caspian Sea. Kalmykia is Europe's only Buddhist state. Through emigration, small Kalmyk communities have been established in the United States, France, Germany, Switzerland and the Czech Republic.

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