. Electric traction and transmission engineering . cooling towers permits of the repeated useof the same water, but these arrangements are expensive. The advisability of installing condensers depends uponwhether the annual saving of energy is greater or less thanthe annual expense entailedby their cost, maintenance,and operation. A jet condenser is shownin Fig. 108 with parts cutaway so as to indicate the in-terior construction. The ex-haust steam enters throughthe large pipe at the left andthe cooling water throughthe large pipe at the latter is sprayed throughthe valve in the cente
. Electric traction and transmission engineering . cooling towers permits of the repeated useof the same water, but these arrangements are expensive. The advisability of installing condensers depends uponwhether the annual saving of energy is greater or less thanthe annual expense entailedby their cost, maintenance,and operation. A jet condenser is shownin Fig. 108 with parts cutaway so as to indicate the in-terior construction. The ex-haust steam enters throughthe large pipe at the left andthe cooling water throughthe large pipe at the latter is sprayed throughthe valve in the center,mixes with the steam, con-denses it, and both fall intothe pipe below. The air-pump is connected with thesmall pipe at the left. Withthe surface condenser shown in Fig. 109, the cooling wateris passed through the interior of the small tubes and ab-stracts heat from the exhaust steam, which surrounds thetubes, thereby condensing it. The circulating pump tothe right and the vacuum pump to the left are operatedby an intermediate auxiliary Fig. 108. 270 TRACTION AND TRANSMISSION. 91. Boilers. — An essential element in a steam plant isthe boiler equipment, and its size and cost depend uponthe amount of steam which is to be supplied to the primemovers and to the auxiliaries. A typical form of boiler foruse in power stations is shown in Fig. no, wherein the waterto be heated circulates as the result of localized tempera-ture differences, moving to the right in the cylindrical
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