. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. Myvlogy of the Tortoise 71, pronator teres (insertion of); 72, pronator quailratus ; 75, radialis interims ; 88, flexores digi- torum breves; 90, interossei digitoriun manus in- terni. There is only one supinator*, which is in- serted into the wrist; it arises from the ex- ternal condyle, but in the turtles this muscle is wanting. Both the pronators of the fore- arm are present in the land-tortoise; however, the pronator quadratus is very small, and situated close to the carpus. Muscles of the Hand. — The muscles of the


. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. Myvlogy of the Tortoise 71, pronator teres (insertion of); 72, pronator quailratus ; 75, radialis interims ; 88, flexores digi- torum breves; 90, interossei digitoriun manus in- terni. There is only one supinator*, which is in- serted into the wrist; it arises from the ex- ternal condyle, but in the turtles this muscle is wanting. Both the pronators of the fore- arm are present in the land-tortoise; however, the pronator quadratus is very small, and situated close to the carpus. Muscles of the Hand. — The muscles of the Fig. Myology of the Tortoise. 86, abductor digiti tertii, quart! et quint! s 90, interossei digitorum manus intern!. fingers are, in the turtle, few in number, their hand being so flattened out into the shape of a fin or oar as to require neither flexors nor extensors of the fingers; in these, therefore, the analogue of the extensor digitorum coin- munis is confounded with the general apo- neurosis. The flexor communis is slightly more distinct; and the interossei, the abduc- tors and adductors of the thumb and of the fifth finger exist, the latter serving to expand or to contract the oar. * Bojanus regards the muscle marked79 {fig. 192) as a supinator brevis. In spite of the extreme shortness of the hand in the land-tortoises, the muscles are well developed, and the extensor communis, the extensor, and the long abductor of the thumb, the flexor sublimis, the flexor pro- fundus, the adductor of the thumb, and the abductors of the little finger, as well as the interossei, are met with. Muscles (>f the Pelvis. — In the tortoise the Fig. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Todd, Robert Bentley, 1809-1860. London, Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper


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