Uzbekistan: 'Interview Between General Kaufmann And The Khan Of Khiva, 12 August 1873'. Engraving from 'L'UNIVERS ILLUSTRE', 1873. As soon as the Russian conquest of the Caucasus was completed in the late 1850s, the Russian Ministry of War began to send military forces against the Central Asian khanates. Three major population centers of the khanates - Tashkent, Bukhara, and Samarkand - were captured in 1865, 1867, and 1868, respectively. In 1868 the Khanate of Bukhara signed a treaty with Russia making Bukhara a Russian protectorate. while Khiva became a Russian protectorate in 1873.

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