Jules Hoffmann, Luxembourg-born French biologist (born 1941). Hoffmann was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2011 for his discoveries relating to

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Jules Hoffmann, Luxembourg-born French biologist (born 1941). Hoffmann was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2011 for his discoveries relating to the activation of innate immunity in the Drosophila melanogaster fly. The prize was shared with American immunologist Bruce A Beutler (born 1957) and Canadian immunologist and cell biologist Ralph M Steinman (1943-2011).

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