. Outlines of zoology. the deer, the camels, and the pigs. There are four complete toes on each foot, but the second and fifth are slender; the third and fourth metacarpals and meta- ARTIODACTYLA. 757 tarsals are fused in Tragulus, free in the other genus Dor-catherium; the fibula is complete. There are no upper incisors,the upper canines are long and pointed, especially in the males;the lower canines are like incisors; the dental formula is —-. The Chevrotains ruminate, and the stomach is dividedinto three_ chambers, Ihe many-plies beiing, rudimentary. Theplacenta is diffuse. The Chevrotains
. Outlines of zoology. the deer, the camels, and the pigs. There are four complete toes on each foot, but the second and fifth are slender; the third and fourth metacarpals and meta- ARTIODACTYLA. 757 tarsals are fused in Tragulus, free in the other genus Dor-catherium; the fibula is complete. There are no upper incisors,the upper canines are long and pointed, especially in the males;the lower canines are like incisors; the dental formula is —-. The Chevrotains ruminate, and the stomach is dividedinto three_ chambers, Ihe many-plies beiing, rudimentary. Theplacenta is diffuse. The Chevrotains are often confusedlyassociated with the musk-deer {Moschus), with which they special of Tragulus (smallest among living Ungulates) occur inIndo-Malaya, India, and Ceylon; one species of Dorcatheriuin,of aquatic pig-like habits, is found on the west coast of 4.— Pecora or Cctylophora — the true ruminants, includingdeer, giraffes, cattle, and sheep. Only the third and fourth. Fig. 407.—Stomach of sheep.—From Leunis. a, CEsophagus; c, rumen or paunch; d, reticulum or honeycomb-bag ; e, psalterium or many-plies ; f^ abomasum or reed ; b^beginning of duodenum. digits are complete, the fused third and fourth metacarpals andmetatarsals form cannon bones. In the embryos of ox andsheep, the second and fifth metacarpals and metatarsals are alsorepresented; the second metacarpal and fifth metatarsal areunstable and soon disappear; small traces of the fifth metacarpaland second metatarsal persist. The fibula is represented by asmall nodular bone articulating with the lower end of the tibia,and forming the external malleolus. There may be in additiona rudiment of the proximal end attached to the upper part ofthe tibia, but the two parts are never united. Paired outgrowthsof the frontal bones are common, capped with horny sheaths inthe Bovidse, deciduous and restricted to the males in almostall Cervidse. There are no upper incisors, and rarel
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookidcu3192, booksubjectzoology
