. Manual of fruit insects. in Hawaii, Chili, Japan and Australia, but stringent legis-lation has thus far prevented its becoming established in Europe. The San Jose scale attacks all parts of fruit trees, includingthe trunk, branches, leaves and fruit, and usually causes reddishdiscolorations of the bark or skin of fruit (Fig. 169). Clustersof the scales often occur around the stem and blossom end of thefruit, rendering it unsalable, and sometimes giving a pitted ap-pearance. In bad infestations the scales are crowded togetherand present a grayish, roughened, scurfy deposit on the bark. Ifscra
. Manual of fruit insects. in Hawaii, Chili, Japan and Australia, but stringent legis-lation has thus far prevented its becoming established in Europe. The San Jose scale attacks all parts of fruit trees, includingthe trunk, branches, leaves and fruit, and usually causes reddishdiscolorations of the bark or skin of fruit (Fig. 169). Clustersof the scales often occur around the stem and blossom end of thefruit, rendering it unsalable, and sometimes giving a pitted ap-pearance. In bad infestations the scales are crowded togetherand present a grayish, roughened, scurfy deposit on the bark. Ifscraped, a yellowish liquid results from the mashing of the softyellow insects beneath the scales. The fruits commonly infestedare apple, pear, quince, peach, plum, prune, apricot, nectarine,sweet cherry, currant and gooseberry. Lemons and oranges,except the trifoliate varieties, many shrubs, forest trees andevergreens are practically exempt from attack. The fears that shade trees and forests would be ravaged 164 FRUIT INSECTS. Fig. 167 6. — Full-grown femaleSan Jose scale (X 10). and become permanent breeding grounds have not been realized,as the pest confines its depredations mostly to fruit trees andornamental shrubs. The scale is a waxy secretion covering the soft, yellow,sac-like body of the insect largest scales cover the full-grown females and are nearly circu-lar, gray, about the size of the headof an ordinary pin (yV of an inch indiameter) with a central dark nipplesurrounded by a yellowish ring ( h). The smaller scales are nearlyblack with a central gray dot sur-rounded by a black depressed ringbordered by a grayish ring. TheSan Jose scale can often be readilydistinguished from the closely related species, Putnams scale,European fruit-scale and cherry scale, even with a hand-lens bythese peculiarities of the young scales. In the other species thenipple is usually one side of the center and orange or yellow incolor, and the scales are not so black or l
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