. Operative surgery. Fig. 474.—How to dissect up the down to the fascia of the muscles, at a distance not less than one fourththe circumference of the limb at the point of proposed division of thebone, and so directed that after contraction of the integument a circularflap will remain. The flap is then separated from the muscles with anordinary scalpel, the edge being directed toward the muscles (Fig. 474)rather than parallel with them (Fig. 475), so that the capillary connectionbetween the integument and the deeper tissues will not be injured un-. FiG. 475.—How not to do it. necessarily. The
. Operative surgery. Fig. 474.—How to dissect up the down to the fascia of the muscles, at a distance not less than one fourththe circumference of the limb at the point of proposed division of thebone, and so directed that after contraction of the integument a circularflap will remain. The flap is then separated from the muscles with anordinary scalpel, the edge being directed toward the muscles (Fig. 474)rather than parallel with them (Fig. 475), so that the capillary connectionbetween the integument and the deeper tissues will not be injured un-. FiG. 475.—How not to do it. necessarily. The separation should be done by circular sweeps of the scalpeland upward traction of the skin with the hand, rather than by mincingcuts, which hack the tissues and hinder union. AMPUTATIONS. 45f If the limb be of a conical shape, much difficulty will be experienced inturning over the sleeve of integument, whicli can, bowever, be obviated bya longitudinal division of the flap nuide usually af its most dependent por-
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