. Gray's school and field book of botany. Consisting of "Lessons in botany," and "Field, forest, and garden botany," bound in one volume. Botany; Botany. SECTION 4.] BUDS. 27 Section IV. GEOWTH FEOM BUDS: BRANCHING. 45. Most plants increase tlie amount of their vegetation by branching, that is, by producing lateral shoots. 46. E,oots branch from any part and usually without definite order. Stems normally give rise to branches only at definite points, namely, at the nodes, and there only from the axils of leaves. 47. Buds (Fig. 72, 73). Every incipient shoot is a Bud (13). A
. Gray's school and field book of botany. Consisting of "Lessons in botany," and "Field, forest, and garden botany," bound in one volume. Botany; Botany. SECTION 4.] BUDS. 27 Section IV. GEOWTH FEOM BUDS: BRANCHING. 45. Most plants increase tlie amount of their vegetation by branching, that is, by producing lateral shoots. 46. E,oots branch from any part and usually without definite order. Stems normally give rise to branches only at definite points, namely, at the nodes, and there only from the axils of leaves. 47. Buds (Fig. 72, 73). Every incipient shoot is a Bud (13). A stem contiaues its growth by its terminal bud; it branches by the forma- tion and development of lateral buds. As normal lateral buds occupy the axils of leaves, they are called axillary buds. As leaves are symmetrically arranged on the stem, the buds in their axils and the branches into which axillary buds grow partake of this symmetry. The most conspicuous buds are the scaly winter- buds of most shrubs and trees of temperate and cold climates; but the name belongs as well to tlie forming shoot or branch of any herb. 48. The Terminal Bud, in tlie most general sense, may be said to exist in the embryo, — as cotyledons, or the cotyledons and plumule, — and to crown each successive growth of the simple stem so long as the summit is capable of growth. The whole ascending growth of the Palm, Cy- cas, and the hke (such as in Fig. 71) is from a terminal bud. Branches, being repefitions of the main stem aud growing in the same way, are also lengtiiened by terminal buds. Those of Horse-chestnut, Hickory, Maples, and such trees, being the resting buds of winter, are cousiiiou- ous by their protective covering of scales. These bud-scales, as will hereafter be shown, are themselves a kind of leaves. 49. Axillary Buds were formed on these annual shoots early in the summer. Occasion- ally they grow the same season into branches ; at least, some of them are pretty sure to do so whenever
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