. Railroad and street transportation . red in the same light as a promotion wouldbe in any other industry. Chances of promotion to higher positions instreet railroad service are few. This is indicatedby the fact that in the Cleveland system thereare at present 2,500 motormen and conductorsto one general superintendent; 416 to each divi-sion superintendent; 89 to every dispatcher,and 71 to each inspector. DisciplineThe division superintendent in administeringdiscipline is supposed to take into considerationthe nature of the offense, the length of service ofthe employee, and his previous record.
. Railroad and street transportation . red in the same light as a promotion wouldbe in any other industry. Chances of promotion to higher positions instreet railroad service are few. This is indicatedby the fact that in the Cleveland system thereare at present 2,500 motormen and conductorsto one general superintendent; 416 to each divi-sion superintendent; 89 to every dispatcher,and 71 to each inspector. DisciplineThe division superintendent in administeringdiscipline is supposed to take into considerationthe nature of the offense, the length of service ofthe employee, and his previous record. For minoroffenses, such as carelessness as to personal ap-pearance, failure to report promptly for duty, toturn the sign on arrival at destination, or to snapoff lights at the proper time, the employee may bereprimanded. Such offenses as gross incivility,preventable accidents, or indulgence in liquorwhile on duty bring summary discipline. Seriousoffenses result in a temporary lay-off pend-ing investigation. The employee may appeal 68. through the officers of his union to the generalsuperintendent, the general manager, and evento the president of the company, and finally thecase may be submitted to an arbitration board. Cash DepositsIn Cleveland street car conductors are requiredto make a cash deposit of S20 to cover the costof tickets, transfers, and change which theycarry. This deposit is returned when they leavethe service. Union Organization Two forms of union organization are foundamong wage-earners: the industrial union, inwhich all the workers in the industry hold mem-bership; and the trade union, in which only menof a single occupation are eligible to member-ship. Up to 11 years ago, union organizationamong street railway employees in Clevelandwas of the former type. As a result of a strike atthat time the organization was broken up, and aunion including only motormen and conductorswas estabhshed. Over 90 per cent of the motormen and con-ductors employed by the Clevelan
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