. The Canadian field-naturalist. 1990 Klenner and Kroeker: Denning of Black Bears 541 mast and berries. The geometric center of summer location data was used to estimate the activity center of the summer range. An average of 14 locations was used to delineate the summer range and activity center in 1979. Increased monitoring effort in 1980 allowed us to estimate the summer range and activity center with an average of 59 locations. To reduce bias in the estimate of summer range size and dimensions, all animals were located when searched for in 1980. Results During the two years of observation,
. The Canadian field-naturalist. 1990 Klenner and Kroeker: Denning of Black Bears 541 mast and berries. The geometric center of summer location data was used to estimate the activity center of the summer range. An average of 14 locations was used to delineate the summer range and activity center in 1979. Increased monitoring effort in 1980 allowed us to estimate the summer range and activity center with an average of 59 locations. To reduce bias in the estimate of summer range size and dimensions, all animals were located when searched for in 1980. Results During the two years of observation, 27 dens were located, of which 25 were examined. Of 16 female and 6 male bears fitted with radio transmitters, the dens of only 5 (3 female, 2 male) were examined during both years because of a high mortality rate (due to hunting and trapping) of the animals being monitored. Of the 16 bears fitted with radio-collars in 1979, 50% of the animals had been killed by September 1980 (3 of 6 males, 5 of 10 females). In 1979, three subadult males moved abruptly (x = km, SE - ) away from the summer activity center between 3 and 16 October (Figure 1). Before this move, we located these animals once or twice a week and they had not made wide- ranging movements. During early October, we Aswan river. 25 km DAUPHIN t:::::::: I Continuous Forest I I Agricultural Land and Woodlots 1979 ACTIVITY CENTER D 1979 DEN LOCATION • 1980 ACTIVITY CENTER O 1980 DEN LOCATION Figure 1. The relationship between the summer activity center and den locations of subadult male Black Bears monitored in western Manitoba during 1979 and Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club
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