. The sportsman's British bird book . epre-sentatives of the black-backs breed within the area under , this difference has some connection with the marked differencein the colouring of the two groups, that of the two white-winged kindsbeing obviously an adaptation to Arctic conditions. Like the greaterwhite-winged species, the great black-back is a native of both coasts of GREAT BLACK-BACKED GULL 151 the Atlantic ; its breeding-range in the western hemisphere extendingfrom Greenland and Labrador and the Great Lakes to Baffin Bay, and inthe opposite hemisphere from Icelan


. The sportsman's British bird book . epre-sentatives of the black-backs breed within the area under , this difference has some connection with the marked differencein the colouring of the two groups, that of the two white-winged kindsbeing obviously an adaptation to Arctic conditions. Like the greaterwhite-winged species, the great black-back is a native of both coasts of GREAT BLACK-BACKED GULL 151 the Atlantic ; its breeding-range in the western hemisphere extendingfrom Greenland and Labrador and the Great Lakes to Baffin Bay, and inthe opposite hemisphere from Iceland in the west to the Petchora valleyin the east, and southwards to about the 50th degree of north winter the species ranges on the one side as far south as Florida,and rarely the Bermudas ; and on the other to the Canaries and thecoasts of the Mediterranean, as far east, although rarely, as Egypt,while it also visits inland waters. Although only a few isolatednesting - sites are known on the southern and western coasts of. MOUNTED IN THE ROWLAND I STUDIOS GREAT BLACK-BACKED GULL. England, as we pass north the great black-back is found breedingabundantly in the British Islands, more especially in Scotland. InIreland it breeds in small numbers all round the coasts, but is morecommon on the west side than elsewhere. An interesting question has been raised as to which species ofblack-back nests on the grassy slopes crowning the Bass Rock. Theornithologists who visited the Bass Rock in the first half of thelast century appear to have referred all the members of the smallcolony of those gulls which annually breed there to great black-backs,but all those which have been observed of late years have proved to belesser black-backs. The breeding of the latter species on the Bass was,in fact, proved some forty years ago. The question thus raised is 152 GULL GROUP whether the older naturalists were wrong in their identification, orwhether the species forming the colony has chang


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