. British journal of entomology and natural history. Natural history; Entomology. Fig. 1. Lateral view of abdomen of a female Panorpa species showing the position of the female genital opening between the ninth tergite and sternite. ventral extremity of axial portion margin of the abdomen working from segment 9 (see Figure 1) forwards to segment 7 or by gently tearing the tergites and sternites apart with two pairs of fine forceps. Do not detach the plate unless it is proposed to make a microscope slide. After examination the entire abdomen with genital plate still attached should stand for 30
. British journal of entomology and natural history. Natural history; Entomology. Fig. 1. Lateral view of abdomen of a female Panorpa species showing the position of the female genital opening between the ninth tergite and sternite. ventral extremity of axial portion margin of the abdomen working from segment 9 (see Figure 1) forwards to segment 7 or by gently tearing the tergites and sternites apart with two pairs of fine forceps. Do not detach the plate unless it is proposed to make a microscope slide. After examination the entire abdomen with genital plate still attached should stand for 30 minutes in clean water to allow all traces of potassium hydroxide to leach out. For pinned material, the abdomen is then removed, touched briefly on a tissue to remove excess water and glued to card with a water-soluble gum, taking care to arrange the plate so that its features are not obscured. For fluid- preserved material the abdomen can be stored in the tube with the specimen if desired. A stylized genital plate and the terminology used is shown in Figure 2. The genital plates of the females of the British Panorpa species are shown in Figures 3 to Fig. 2. Stylized drawing of the female genitalia of Panorpa indicating the termin- ology employed in the key. Variation Variation in the genitalia of female P. cognata has been discussed by Ward (1983) on the basis of specimens collected in France, Italy, USSR, Austria and Yugoslavia, though not in Britain. The genital plates examined varied in outline and in length, particularly in teneral examples in which the lateral extensions of the anterior apodemes were not always developed ( the ends were not necessarily splayed). The few British specimens so far examined have demonstrated little variation and the two extremes of plate length are shown in Figure 3 (a and c). There seems to be a degree of constancy in the horseshoe shape of the lateral margins of the ventral extremity of the axial portion. This constancy is, howeve
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