. The horse in the stable and the field: his management in health and disease ... with an essay on the American trotting horse, and suggestions on the breeding and training of trotters. Horses. 1J64 THE HORSE. same appearance as already described in the lower nippers at six years old. Both tushes are considerably worn away at their points, and the upper ones more so than the lower. At nine tears op age the upper middle nippers are worn down completely. The next pair have a slight mark left, but their surfaces are quite level, and the corner nippers have only a black stain, without any central
. The horse in the stable and the field: his management in health and disease ... with an essay on the American trotting horse, and suggestions on the breeding and training of trotters. Horses. 1J64 THE HORSE. same appearance as already described in the lower nippers at six years old. Both tushes are considerably worn away at their points, and the upper ones more so than the lower. At nine tears op age the upper middle nippers are worn down completely. The next pair have a slight mark left, but their surfaces are quite level, and the corner nippers have only a black stain, without any central ftO. 9.—LOWER N1PFER8 AWU LEFT TU8R OF A VERY OLD HORSE. THB JtlQHT HAVUTQ FALLEN OUT. After nine tears the age of the horse can only be guessed at from his teeth, which gradually grow in length, and are more in a line with the jaw. The section of each nipper presented to the eye becomes more and more triangular instead of being oval, as seen in figs. 7 and 8; but after about the twelfth year the triangular section disappears,, and the tooth becomes nearly round. In accordance with the increase of length is the color of the tooth altered, being of a dirty yellow in very old horses, with occasional streaks of brown and black. The tushes wear down to a very small size, and very often one or both drop out. Allusion has alreadt been made to the practice of re- moving the milk nippers for the purpose of inducing a more rapid growth of the next set, which, however, is not materially affected by the operation ; but dishonest dealers have recourse to another deception, called biskoping, by which an aged horse may be passed off upon an inexperienced person for a six-year old. The plan adopted is to cut off all the nippers with a saw to the proper length, and then with a cutting instrument the operator scoops out an oval. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1880, booksubjecthorses, bookyear1882
