Commercial turpentines : their quality and methods for their examination . ath.—Use a copper cup of about 800 cc capacity, havinga concave tight-fitting cover (which may be fixed) with a hole in itlarge enough to hold a 300 cc distilling flask, and also a one-half inchcondensing tube 12 inches long, rising from one side of the serves as a condenser for the vapors of glycerin or oil used inthe bath, and prevents the superheating effect of vapors which wouldotherwise be in contact with the exposed portion of the distillingflask. MODIFIED METHODS OF ANALYSIS. 27 Distilling flask.—Compara
Commercial turpentines : their quality and methods for their examination . ath.—Use a copper cup of about 800 cc capacity, havinga concave tight-fitting cover (which may be fixed) with a hole in itlarge enough to hold a 300 cc distilling flask, and also a one-half inchcondensing tube 12 inches long, rising from one side of the serves as a condenser for the vapors of glycerin or oil used inthe bath, and prevents the superheating effect of vapors which wouldotherwise be in contact with the exposed portion of the distillingflask. MODIFIED METHODS OF ANALYSIS. 27 Distilling flask.—Comparable results can only be obtained indistillation by always using flasks of the same dimensions. The flaskfound most satisfactory in this work is an ordinary 300 cc flask,8 cm in diameter, with the side tube 8 cm from the main bulb, andthe neck extending 8 cm above the side tube. The neck is 2 cm indiameter and the side tube is 5 mm. Manometer.—An open manometer with a movable scale graduatedin millimeters, and provided with double connections, must also Fig. 1.—Apparatus for the fractional distillation of turpentine. Pressure regulator.—This consists-of a glass tube about 1 inch indiameter and about 24 inches long, fused at one end, nearly filledwith water, and stoppered with, a two-hole stopper, carrying twoglass tubes, one of which extends to the bottom of the large tube,the other being free to move up or down. Condenser and receivers.—An ordinary condenser is connected withthree stoppered, graduated cylinders, by means of two-way stopcocks,care being taken to insure close connection and the exposure of aminimum length of tubing to the turpentine. The stopper of eachcylinder is provided with a stopcock connection with an air chamber, 28 COMMERCIAL TURPENTINES. which is in turn connected with the pressure regulator and with themanometer. By connecting a blast or vacuum with the air chamber,which in turn is connected with the free end of the proper tube
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