. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. 10 BULLETIN 57, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICtJLTURE. in small seeps in clayey materials, and requires extensive storage space for its conser- vation. Bored wells are wells bored with Aarious types of augers from 2 inches to 3 feet in diameter rotated or lifted by hand or horsepower. They are usually Uned with cement or tile sections with cemented Joints and often with iron tubing. They are adapted to localities where the water is at slight or medium depths and to materials similar to those in which open wells are sunk. Pu
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. 10 BULLETIN 57, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICtJLTURE. in small seeps in clayey materials, and requires extensive storage space for its conser- vation. Bored wells are wells bored with Aarious types of augers from 2 inches to 3 feet in diameter rotated or lifted by hand or horsepower. They are usually Uned with cement or tile sections with cemented Joints and often with iron tubing. They are adapted to localities where the water is at slight or medium depths and to materials similar to those in which open wells are sunk. Punched wells are small holes usually less than 6 inches in diameter sunk by hand or horsepower by dropi^ing a steel cylin- der slit at the side so as to haul and lift material by its spring. They are adapted to clayey material in which water occurs as seeps within 50 feet of the surface, but not at much greater depths. These wells should also be lined with tile, iron tubing, or sheet- iron casing. Driven wells are sunk by driving downward, by hand or horsepower apparatus, small iron tubes, usually 1^ to 4 inches in diameter, and provided with point and screen. They are adapted to soft and fine materials, especially to sand and similar porous materials, carrying considerable water at relatively slight depths, and are particularly desirable where the upper soil is likely to be polluted. Since most well- water supplies are obtained from, sand and fine gravels, the cheapest and best method of well sink- ing is by dri\TLiig. In a driven well the water can only be polluted at the depth of the strainer. In some materials, such as clay, it is necessary to bore the well, in which case it is absolutely necessary for safety that the well be lined with impervious casing to the strainer. Deep and shallow dug weUs should also be FOUNP^T/ON Fig. 8.—Concrete well lining, showing arrangement of forms. PROTECTIVE WELL LININGS. For lining shallow dug wells the latest practice has been the
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