Jean-Antoine Chaptal, French Chemist
Jean-Antoine Claude, comte Chaptal de Chanteloup (June 4, 1756 - July 30, 1832) was a French chemist and statesman. He established chemical works for the manufacture of the mineral acids, soda and other substances. In ÌälÌ©mens de Chymie (published 1790) he coined a new word for the gas then known as azote or mephitic air. His word was nitrog̬ne, which he named for nitre, the chemical which was needed for the production of nitric acid which had been found to contain the gas, and thus possibly (according to theory) to be the oxidized derivative of it. His new term for the gas then quickly passed into English as nitrogen. He was a popularizer of science, attempting to apply to industry and agriculture the discoveries of chemistry. In this way, he contributed largely to the development of modern industry. The process of adding sugar to unfermented wine in order to increase the final alcohol level is known as chaptalization after him. He died in 1832 at the age of 76. His is one of the 72 names inscribed on the EiffelTower.
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