. A text-book of bacteriology; a practical treatise for students and practitioners of medicine. Bacteriology. THE DESTRUCTION OF BACTERIA 69 over. This method is used in laboratories for the sterilization of Petri dishes, flasks, test tubes, and pipettes, and for articles which may be in- jured by moisture. Both heating and subsequent cooling should be done gradually to avoid cracking of the glassware. Moist Heat.—Instruments, syringes, and other suitable objects may be sterilized by boiling in water. Boiling for about five minutes is amply sufficient to destroy the vegetative forms of all bac
. A text-book of bacteriology; a practical treatise for students and practitioners of medicine. Bacteriology. THE DESTRUCTION OF BACTERIA 69 over. This method is used in laboratories for the sterilization of Petri dishes, flasks, test tubes, and pipettes, and for articles which may be in- jured by moisture. Both heating and subsequent cooling should be done gradually to avoid cracking of the glassware. Moist Heat.—Instruments, syringes, and other suitable objects may be sterilized by boiling in water. Boiling for about five minutes is amply sufficient to destroy the vegetative forms of all bacteria. For the de- struction of spores, boiling for one or two hours is usually sufficient, though the spores of certain saprophytes of the soil have been found. Fig. 8.—Hot Air Sterilizer. occasionally to withstand moist heat at a temperature of 100° C. for as long as sixteen hours.' The addition of 1 per cent of sodium car- bonate to boiling water hastens the destruction of spores and prevents the rusting of metal objects sterilized in this way. The addition of car- bolic acid to boiling water in from 2 to 5 per cent usually insures the destruction of anthrax spores, at least, within ten to fifteen minutes. Exposure to live steam is probably the most practical of the methods of heat sterilization. It may be carried out by simple makeshifts of the kitchen, such as the use of potato-steamers or of wash-boUers. For 1 Christen, loc. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Hiss, Philip Hanson, 1868-1913; Zinsser, Hans, 1878-1940. joint author. New York and London, D. Appleton and Company
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