. Essentials in English history (from the earliest records to the present day). would often set free aportion of their serfs, either as penance for sacrilege or someworse crime, or upon their deathbeds, as a preparation fordeparture from life. Villeins might earn their own enfranchisement, since suchof them as had a talent for handicrafts were able during theirfree hours to earn enough silver to commute their dues 147. En-in kind into a money payment, an exchange which the lord jj^^^^^f ^jiwas always glad to make. They were then able to devote leins all their time to their wage-earning crafts,
. Essentials in English history (from the earliest records to the present day). would often set free aportion of their serfs, either as penance for sacrilege or someworse crime, or upon their deathbeds, as a preparation fordeparture from life. Villeins might earn their own enfranchisement, since suchof them as had a talent for handicrafts were able during theirfree hours to earn enough silver to commute their dues 147. En-in kind into a money payment, an exchange which the lord jj^^^^^f ^jiwas always glad to make. They were then able to devote leins all their time to their wage-earning crafts, and speedily becamefree tenants. Others, shrewd in purqhasing and bargaining,bought their freedom with the proceeds of trade. Manystrong-willed villeins fled from their manor and took refuge insome distant town, where, by customary law, a residence of ayear and a day freed them from their bondage to the soil ofthe manor whence they had fled. A still more important 141 PLANTAGENET ENGLAND DIVISIONS IN THE TIME OF EDWARD SCALE OP MILES 5 W W 3o i3o oXxC Palatine CouBties S E. T&JHI. ^NiftH. OF WIGHT i r s H UUnATES, eNGR, N:r. i Longitude West 2 from Greenwich 0 East 143 ANCJI ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PUOGUESS (1100-1350) 143 means of rising in the world lay through entrance into holyorders; for the church was ready to seek everywhere, in thevilleins cottage as in the lords manor house, for intelligent,devoted servants. As with individuals, so with communities. Places which,like Chester and Carlisle, were located near some old Romanor Norman stronghold; others which, like Oxford orAVinchester, were the sites of important monasteries; of char-and others which, like Norwich, stood at the head of °^^^ navigation on some stream, attracted to themselves the carpen-ters, masons, glass and metal workers, for whom the Normansnow found employment. Villages developed rapidly intotowns through the growth of trade, and as soon as they wererich enough they sought charters of privileges from thei
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