. The Catholic encyclopedia; an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline, and history of the Catholic Church . ks was dying Columban is saidto have assembled the community by ringing thebell (signo tacto omnes adesse imperavit, Krusch,Scrip. Merov., IV, 85). Similar expressions, signotacto, or cum exauditum fuerit signum, are used inConstitutions attributed to St. Caesarius of Aries(c. 513) and in the Rule of St. Benedict (c. 540).Moreover, if Dom Ferotins view of the very earlydate of the Spanish ordinals which he has published(Monumenta Liturgica, V) could be


. The Catholic encyclopedia; an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline, and history of the Catholic Church . ks was dying Columban is saidto have assembled the community by ringing thebell (signo tacto omnes adesse imperavit, Krusch,Scrip. Merov., IV, 85). Similar expressions, signotacto, or cum exauditum fuerit signum, are used inConstitutions attributed to St. Caesarius of Aries(c. 513) and in the Rule of St. Benedict (c. 540).Moreover, if Dom Ferotins view of the very earlydate of the Spanish ordinals which he has published(Monumenta Liturgica, V) could be safely accepted,it is possible that large bells were in common use inSpain at the same period. Still it must be remem-bered that signum primarily meant a signal and wemust not be too hasty in attributing to it a specificinstead of a generic meaning when first employedby Merovingian writers. .\gain, the word campana, which even in the earlyMiddle Ages undoubtedly meant a church bell andnotliing else, occurs first, if ReifTerseheids Anec-dota Cassinensia (p. 6) may be trusted, in South-em Italy (c. 515) in a letter of the deacon Ferrandus. Tower of Pisa to Abbot Eugippius. It has been suggested from aLatin inscription connected with the -irval Brethren(C. I., L. VI, no. 2067) that it was pre\iously usedto mean some kind of brazen vessel. However noquite satisfactory examples of campana in churchLatin seem to be forthcoming before the latter partof the seventh century, and it is then found in theNorth. It is used by Cummian at lona (c. 665) andby Bede in Northumbria (c. 710), and frequentlyelsewhere after that date. In Rome the LiberPontificahs tells us that Pope Stephen II (752-757)erected a belfry with three bells (campance) at It was probably this name whieh ledWalafrid Strabo in the first half of the ninth centuryto make the assertion that bells were of Italianorigin and that they came from Campania and moreparticularly from the town of Nola. Later writerswent furt


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