. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 42 3. Interrelationship of Black-headed Bunting (Emberiza melanocephala Scopoli) and Red-headed Bunting (E. bruniceps Brandt) The closely related Black-headed and Red-headed Bunting replace each other in southeastern Europe-Middle East and in central Asia, respectively. They have established contact near Lake Elton to the north of the Caspian Sea and in northeastern Iran to the south of the Caspian Sea (Fig. 9). Since a number of hybrids have been collected in the latter area, Paludan (1940), Voous (1960) and Portenko (1960) considered these buntings
. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 42 3. Interrelationship of Black-headed Bunting (Emberiza melanocephala Scopoli) and Red-headed Bunting (E. bruniceps Brandt) The closely related Black-headed and Red-headed Bunting replace each other in southeastern Europe-Middle East and in central Asia, respectively. They have established contact near Lake Elton to the north of the Caspian Sea and in northeastern Iran to the south of the Caspian Sea (Fig. 9). Since a number of hybrids have been collected in the latter area, Paludan (1940), Voous (1960) and Portenko (1960) considered these buntings as conspecific despite their conspicuously different male plumages. On the other hand, Spangenberg & Sudilovskaya (1954), Vaurie (1956, 1959), Stresemann & Mauersberger (1960), Paynter (1970) and other recent authors emphasized the observed differences between melanocephala and bruniceps main- taining both forms as separate species. I studied the populations of these buntings in northern Iran during May—June 1976 (28 field days) to assess their interrelationship and to obtain additional data to judge their taxonomic status; 53 specimens were collected. Briefly, melanocephala and bruniceps hybridize to a certain extent in a restricted area of overlap (sympatry) but gene flow is insuf- ficient to consider both forms as conspecific. They represent an interesting case of weakly differentiated species not far beyond the subspecies stage and together form a superspecies. Detailed field studies of these birds in the contact area based on color-marked individuals would be Fig. 9: Distribution of Black-headed Bunting (Emberiza melanocephala), area hatched vertically, and Red-headed Bunting (E. bruniceps), area stippled. Adapted from Stresemann & Mauersberger (1960).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly rese
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