. Vegetation of Oregon and Washington. Botany Oregon Ecology; Botany Washington (State) Ecology. Figure 110. — Mixed stands of Pseudotsuga menziesii and Larix occidentalis are common in parts of the Pseudotsuga menziesii Zone; note reproduction of the climax Pseudotsuga (Colville National Forest, Washington). Figure 111. -Pseudotsuga menziesii replacing Pinus ponderosa (Meeks Table Research Nat- ural Area, Snoqualmie National Forest, Washington).. 1952; Daubenmire and Daubenmire 1968; Johnson 1959; Head 1959). Daubenmire rec- ognized two associations with shrubby under- stories in his study ar
. Vegetation of Oregon and Washington. Botany Oregon Ecology; Botany Washington (State) Ecology. Figure 110. — Mixed stands of Pseudotsuga menziesii and Larix occidentalis are common in parts of the Pseudotsuga menziesii Zone; note reproduction of the climax Pseudotsuga (Colville National Forest, Washington). Figure 111. -Pseudotsuga menziesii replacing Pinus ponderosa (Meeks Table Research Nat- ural Area, Snoqualmie National Forest, Washington).. 1952; Daubenmire and Daubenmire 1968; Johnson 1959; Head 1959). Daubenmire rec- ognized two associations with shrubby under- stories in his study area. The Pseudotsuga menziesii/Symphoricarpos albus association has an understory dominated by low shrubs: Sy mphoricarpos albus, Spiraea betulifolia, var. lucida, Rosa woodsii, and jR. nutkana. Taller shrubs belonging to the Physocarpus union (Daubenmire 1952) are absent. Similar communities were noted by Johnson (1959). The Pseudotsuga menziesii/Physocarpus mal- vaceus association includes the aforemen- tioned shrubs as understory constituents and Physocarpus malvaceus and Holodiscus dis- color. The Pseudotsuga menziesii/Calamagrostis rubescens association is probably the most widespread, existing in the Wallowa Moun- tains (Head 1959) as well as in eastern Wash- ington (Daubenmire and Daubenmire 1968). It has a nearly shrub-free understory, domi- nated by Calamagrostis rubescens along with other herbs such as Carex concinnoides, C. geyeri, and Arnica latifolia. Daubenmire and Daubenmire (1968) have recognized a phase of this type in which Arctostaphylos uva-ursi is an understory dominant. Similar forest communities occur in adjacent British Colum- bia (Brayshaw 1965). Successional Patterns Any of the four major tree species - Pseu- dotsuga menziesii, Pinus ponderosa, P. con- torta, and Larix occidentalis- may dominate forest stands in the Pseudotsuga menziesii Zone. Pseudotsuga menziesii is climax (fig. Ill), but the other three are better adapted to fires, which were commo
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