. The Canadian field-naturalist. 1976 Thompson and Kuijt: Relict Montane and Subalpine Plants, Montana 435. Figure 3. A fogbank separates East Butte and the distant West Butte laccolith, and presents a remarkable simulation of how the Laurentide Ice Sheet and the West Butte nunatak may have appeared during the Wisconsin glacial maximum. Lodgepole pine forest and montane grassland, visible in the foreground, cover most of the foothills of East Butte; a fringe of spruce, visible in the lower center, occurs along the banks of Breed Creek. dominated by Agropyron spp., Festuca spp., and Stipa comat
. The Canadian field-naturalist. 1976 Thompson and Kuijt: Relict Montane and Subalpine Plants, Montana 435. Figure 3. A fogbank separates East Butte and the distant West Butte laccolith, and presents a remarkable simulation of how the Laurentide Ice Sheet and the West Butte nunatak may have appeared during the Wisconsin glacial maximum. Lodgepole pine forest and montane grassland, visible in the foreground, cover most of the foothills of East Butte; a fringe of spruce, visible in the lower center, occurs along the banks of Breed Creek. dominated by Agropyron spp., Festuca spp., and Stipa comata. Coulee Scrub. Shallow coulees which dissect the foothills and escarpments of the plains carry no flowing water in summer, but support a low shrub association consisting primarily of Amel- anchier alnifolia, Rosa woodsii, Rubus spp., Salix spp., and Symphoricarpos albus. Riparian Shrubbery. The borders of many intermittent prairie streams are lined with well- developed shrub communities, generally dom- inated by Amelanchier alnifolia, Crataegus douglasii, and Prunus virginiana. This shrub- bery is much taller than that of the coulees, reaching a height of 4-5 m along Breed and Simmons Creeks. Scattered stands of Acer negundo are found along some streams within the study area. Riparian Forest. Rivers and larger streams throughout the northern Great Plains often support a well-developed forest association dominated by Populus trichocarpa and P. deltoides. This community extends well into the montane region of the Sweetgrass Hills, reach- ing elevations as high as 1500 m in the steep canyons of Breed Creek and Simmons Creek. Here the understory consists largely of dense shrubbery, including Acer glabrum, Amel- anchier alnifolia, Cornus stolonifera, Crataegus douglasii, Prunus virginiana, and Salix sp., and such wet-mesic forbs as Angelica arguta, Lath- yrus ochroleucus, Mimulus guttatus, Potentilla rivalis, Smilacina st el lata, Solidago gigantea, Viola adunca, and Viola canaden
Size: 1557px × 1604px
Photo credit: © Book Worm / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookauthorottawafieldnaturalistsclub, bookcentury1900, bookcolle
