. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. Geology. TORRENTIAL DEPOSITS OF SOUTHERN ITALY 291. FlGl'RE â Type of Cross-bedding. Observed in the torrential deposits near Pontegrande, in Calabria. slopes are often found the steep pinnacles with pebble cappings so charac- teristic of rain erosion. Other deposits and erosional forms were ob- served about Taormina and are well shown from the summit of Mola. In the summer season the "fiumare" are dry, the pebble floors being generally utilized as highways of travel; but after the rains they become roaring torrents, which suddenly ris
. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. Geology. TORRENTIAL DEPOSITS OF SOUTHERN ITALY 291. FlGl'RE â Type of Cross-bedding. Observed in the torrential deposits near Pontegrande, in Calabria. slopes are often found the steep pinnacles with pebble cappings so charac- teristic of rain erosion. Other deposits and erosional forms were ob- served about Taormina and are well shown from the summit of Mola. In the summer season the "fiumare" are dry, the pebble floors being generally utilized as highways of travel; but after the rains they become roaring torrents, which suddenly rise and as suddenly subside. At Co- senza, in Calabria, the writer was fortunate in witnessing the trans- formation of the Busento (the ancient Buxentius) by one of the sudden cloudbursts characteristic of the region. Crossing the river by the famous Ponte Alarico in the face of an impending shower, the broad river floor showed a mere thread of water. When the storm had burst the steeply sloping Corso of the city became trans- formed into a swift current bor- dered by waterfalls where the steep side streets entered. Within a half hour the storm had passed, but the Busento was swollen to a roaring torrent which filled its bed from bank to bank. A few hours later it presented almost the same appearance as before the rain. All about Cosenza are found torrential deposits, including round peb- bles and boulders, not unlike the Alhambra conglomerate of Granada. Nearly identical deposits were studied at Eossano and at Pontegrande, near Catanzaro, in Calabria. At the last mentioned locality the deposits can be little short of 1,500 feet in thickness, if they do not exceed that figure. The boulders included are of many petrographic types and often exceed a foot in diameter. Between markedly horizontal layers revealed by the finer material, cross-bedding of a type often seen in ancient sand- stones is well displayed (figure 2). In this type we find between thick horizontal layers intercal
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